Case Converter
Paste your text, pick one of 10 cases and copy the result: “the lord of the rings: the return of the king” becomes “The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King” in Title Case. The case converter changes uppercase to lowercase and back, applies APA Title Case rules and builds code-style names – with full Unicode support for accents and other alphabets.
Source: APA Style – Title case capitalization (minor words of three letters or fewer). Updated: .
How it is calculated
All conversions run locally in your browser using the Unicode case rules, so accented letters and other alphabets work too – “élève” becomes “ÉLÈVE”, German “straße” becomes “STRASSE” as defined in the Unicode special casing table (version 18.0, 2026). Your text is never uploaded or stored and is not added to the page address.
How to change text case
- Paste or type your text.
- Under “Convert to”, choose the case, e.g. UPPERCASE, lowercase, Title Case, Sentence case or camelCase.
- Copy the result. It updates as you type.
Worked example: Title Case step by step
Input: “the lord of the rings: the return of the king”. The converter applies the APA title case rule (7th edition) word by word:
- “the” is the first word → The.
- “lord” and “rings” are major words → Lord, Rings.
- “of” and “the” in the middle are minor words of three letters or fewer → stay of, the.
- “the” right after the colon starts a subtitle → The.
- “return” is a major word, “of the” stay lowercase, and “king” is the last word → Return of the King.
Result: The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King. With “Capitalize Each Word” the same input gives “The Lord Of The Rings: The Return Of The King”.
All cases with the same input
| Convert to | “NASA and the iPhone app” | “first-come, first-served basis” |
|---|---|---|
| UPPERCASE | NASA AND THE IPHONE APP | FIRST-COME, FIRST-SERVED BASIS |
| lowercase | nasa and the iphone app | first-come, first-served basis |
| Sentence case | Nasa and the iphone app | First-come, first-served basis |
| Title Case | NASA and the iPhone App | First-Come, First-Served Basis |
| Capitalize Each Word | NASA And The iPhone App | First-Come, First-Served Basis |
| camelCase | nasaAndTheIPhoneApp | firstComeFirstServedBasis |
| PascalCase | NasaAndTheIPhoneApp | FirstComeFirstServedBasis |
| snake_case | nasa_and_the_i_phone_app | first_come_first_served_basis |
| kebab-case | nasa-and-the-i-phone-app | first-come-first-served-basis |
| iNVERSE cASE | nasa AND THE IpHONE APP | FIRST-COME, FIRST-SERVED BASIS |
Which case to use
- UPPERCASE / lowercase: the whole text in one case.
- Title Case: major words are capitalized; minor words of three letters or fewer – articles (a, an, the), short conjunctions (and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet, as, if) and short prepositions (at, by, in, of, off, on, per, to, up, via) – stay lowercase. The first and last word and the first word after a colon are always capitalized, and both parts of hyphenated words are capitalized. Acronyms like NASA and mixed-case words like iPhone are left alone. Other style guides (Chicago, AP) differ slightly – check the one your publisher uses.
- Sentence case: only the first word of each sentence starts with a capital. Abbreviations such as “e.g.” or “Mr.” do not start a new sentence.
- Capitalize Each Word: every word starts with a capital, with no exceptions for minor words.
- camelCase, PascalCase, snake_case, kebab-case: naming styles for variables, file names and URLs. Words are split at spaces, punctuation and inner capitals (“parseHTTPResponse” → “parse_http_response”); each line is converted separately.
- iNVERSE cASE: swaps upper and lower case – handy after typing with Caps Lock on.
Common mistakes
- Fixing Caps Lock text with Title Case: mixed-case words count as deliberate spellings and stay as they are, so “tHE qUICK bROWN fOX” does not change. Use iNVERSE cASE (→ “The Quick Brown Fox”) or lowercase first.
- Losing acronyms in Sentence case: “i love NASA. my iPhone is new.” becomes “I love nasa. My iphone is new.” Turn off “Lowercase the rest” to get “I love NASA. My iPhone is new.”
- Expecting proper nouns to be recognized: Sentence case cannot know that “new york” is a place – capitalize names by hand.
- Confusing Title Case with Capitalize Each Word: “Gone With the Wind” (APA) versus “Gone With The Wind”. Only Title Case keeps minor words lowercase.
- Abbreviations in titles: “e.g.” becomes “E.G.” in Title Case – correct it after converting.
More text tools: strip extra spaces and line breaks with the text cleaner, count characters with the word counter, sort a converted list with alphabetize list, and create fancy fonts for social media with the font generator.
Frequently asked questions
How do I change uppercase to lowercase?
Paste the text and choose “lowercase”. The result appears instantly with a copy button. In Word you can also press Shift+F3; in Excel and Google Sheets use =LOWER().
Which words are not capitalized in title case?
In APA style: articles (a, an, the), and conjunctions and prepositions of three letters or fewer (and, but, or, for, of, in, on, to, by …) – unless they are the first or last word or follow a colon. Words of four letters or more, such as “with” or “from”, are capitalized.
Is “with” capitalized in a title?
In APA style yes, because it has four letters: “Gone With the Wind”. Chicago style lowercases prepositions of any length, so there it is “Gone with the Wind”.
What is the difference between title case and sentence case?
Title case capitalizes all major words (“The Return of the King”); sentence case capitalizes only the first word and proper nouns (“The return of the king”). APA uses sentence case for article titles in reference lists.
What is the difference between camelCase and PascalCase?
camelCase starts with a lowercase letter (myValue), PascalCase with an uppercase letter (MyValue). snake_case joins words with underscores (my_value), kebab-case with hyphens (my-value).
How do I change case in Word or Google Docs?
In Word, select the text and press Shift+F3 to cycle through uppercase, lowercase and capitalized words. In Google Docs, use Format → Text → Capitalization. For camelCase or snake_case, use this tool.
How do I change case in Excel?
Use =UPPER(A1), =LOWER(A1) or =PROPER(A1). PROPER capitalizes every word, including “of” and “the”; for real title case, paste the column here and choose Title Case.
Sources and legal basis
- APA Style – Title case capitalization (minor words of three letters or fewer)
- APA Style – Sentence case capitalization
- Unicode Character Database – SpecialCasing.txt (ß → SS)
- MDN Web Docs – String.prototype.toLocaleUpperCase()
As of: · Editorial policy
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